1809
Centrifugal casting is developed by A. G. Eckhardt of Soho, England.

1815
The cupola is introduced in the United States in Baltimore, MD.

1818
First cast steel produced by the crucible process in the U.S. at the Valley Forge Foundry.

1825
Aluminum, the most common metal in the earth's crust, is isolated.

1826
Seth Boyden of Newark, NJ, is the first to develop a process for and produce "blackheart" malleable iron.

1831
In Cincinnati, OH, William Garrard establishes the first commercial crucible steel operation in the U.S.

1837
First dependable molding machine is marketed and used by the S. Jarvis Adams Company in Pittsburg.

1845
The open hearth furnace is developed.

1851
Sir Henry Bessemer and William Kelly both invent a simple converter that uses blasts of air to burn out the impurities, silicon, manganese and excess carbon in pig iron. Although Kelly is the first to use a converter, Bessemer obtains the U.S. patents. Kelly proves patent priority in 1857.

1863
Metallography, the etching, polishing, and microscopic evaluation of metal surfaces, is developed by Henry C. Sarby of Sheffield, England. It is the first process to physically examine the surface of castings for quality analysis.

1867
James Nasmythe develops a gear-tilted foundry ladle, increasing worker safety and operational economy.

1870
Sandblasting is first used to clean large castings by R. E. Tilghman of Philadelphia.

1880-1887
The Sly tumbling mill is developed. It is the first cleaning machine for small castings. This mill greatly reduced the time needed for hand-cleaning operations and produced a finer finished product.

1896
American Foundrymen's Association (renamed American Foundrymen's Society in 1948 and now called the American Foundry Society) is formed.

1897
Investment casting is rediscovered by B.F. Philbrook of Iowa. He uses it to cast dental inlays.